The Planck satellite that provided the most precise CMB measurements to date.
The universe is 13.8 billion years old. This definitive guide explains how astronomers measure the age of the cosmos using the cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, and the expansion rate, and traces the universe’s evolution from the Planck epoch to the present day.
The Planck space telescope mapped the cosmic microwave background with unprecedented precision, revealing the universe’s age, composition, and evolution. Its observations refined the standard cosmological model, measured key parameters like the Hubble constant, and provided a detailed picture of the early universe from the Planck epoch to the present day.
